To reduce dystocia rate in calves, which breeding recommendation is most appropriate?

Breeding to bulls with low EPD (Expected Progeny Difference) for birth weight is a sound recommendation to reduce the occurrence of dystocia in calves. Birth weight is a critical factor influencing the likelihood of dystocia, which refers to difficulties during labor and delivery. By selecting bulls that have a low EPD for birth weight, breeders can produce calves that are more likely to be lighter at birth, thus minimizing the risks associated with calving, especially in first-calf heifers.

Heifers that have not yet borne calves may have narrower pelvic canals than mature cows, making them more susceptible to delivering calves that are too large, which can lead to complications. Utilizing bulls with known lower birth weights helps ensure that the calves produced are more manageable, aiding in easier deliveries.

Other breeding strategies could have merit, but they may not directly address the core issue of reducing birth weight, which is paramount for minimizing dystocia. For instance, breeding only to continental breeds could inadvertently introduce larger birth weights depending on the specific breeds used. Similarly, while it is generally wise to allow heifers to mature before breeding (not breeding them before 24 months), this recommendation doesn't specifically target dystocia reduction. Ensuring heifers maintain a low body condition score may contribute